![]() ![]() Some 40,000 Crimean Tartars also joined the army of the Ottoman Empire. ![]() Some 150,000 Turkish troops entered Austrian territory, and they were allied with the Hungarians. ![]() They wanted the city to control vital land trade routes and potentially fatefully weaken the Hapsburgs. The Hapsburg intervention into Hungary was the perfect opportunity for the Turks to capture Vienna. They had reformed the army and had built up the infrastructure of the Empire. Since Suleiman's death, the Magnificent the Ottomans had been in decline, but a series of energetic Viziers had reversed this. This move into Hungary gave the Ottomans the excuse that they had long wanted to drive their armies into the heart of Europe. The Catholic forces moved into an area of Hungary that had been a de facto buffer zone between the Hapsburgs and the Ottomans. However, the Catholic Hapsburgs distrusted and occasionally persecuted many of their Hungarian subjects who were Protestants. This has also led to the partition of Hungary between the Turks and the Hapsburgs. In 1529 the Ottomans had laid siege to Vienna but had been beaten back. The Hapsburg Empire and the Ottomans had long contested central Europe's control and for the control of Hungary. ![]() This was a large empire that was centered on the German-speaking lands of modern Austria and its capital was Vienna. By the 1680s, the main defense against the Ottomans was the Hapsburg Empire. Successive Sultans had launched repeated attacks or jihads on Europe's Christian kingdoms for many centuries. They had captured Byzantium in 1453 and ended the Byzantine Empire. In the seventeenth century, the Ottomans ruled a vast empire that encompassed the Balkans, modern-day Turkey, and much of the Middle East. It focuses on the main reasons why the great Ottoman Empire failed to seize Vienna. This article discusses the prelude to the siege and describes the actual events of 1683. The defeat of the Turkish army outside the gates of Vienna is widely seen as the beginning of the Ottoman Empire's long decline and played a significant part in the rise of Europe. It is widely accepted that if the Muslim Empire had been successful at the Battle or Siege of Vienna in 1683, it could have dominated Europe and changed not only European history but also world history. The Ottoman Sultan ruled an Empire from Persia to Central Europe. In the early modern period in Europe, Ottoman Turkey was arguably the greatest military and political power. The decisive battle took place on 12 September, after the arrival of the united relief army.Ottoman and Polish cavalry clashing outside Vienna Ottoman forces consisted, among other units, of 60 ortas of Janissaries (12,000 men paper-strength) with an observation army of some 70,000 men watching the countryside. The Ottoman army numbered approximately 90,000 to 300,000 men (according to documents on the order of battle found in Kara Mustafa’s tent, initial strength at the start of the campaign was 170,000 men). The opposing military forces were those of the Ottoman Empire and Ottoman fiefdoms, commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha. The overall command was held by the senior leader, the King of Poland, John III Sobieski, who led the relief forces. The Viennese garrison was led by Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg, an Austrian subject of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. The battle was won by the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the latter represented only by the forces of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (the march of the Lithuanian army was delayed, and they reached Vienna after it had been relieved). Battle of Vienna 1683 – 20,000 Winged Hussars defeated 200,000 Islamic invaders Who won? ![]()
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